土壤水分及有机肥料对番茄叶片光合特性及叶绿素含量影响的试验研究

有机栽培是一种新型的种植方式,为了研究有机肥料在不同的水分条件对温室番茄的光合特性以及叶绿素含量的影响,在中国农业大学联栋玻璃温室进行了番茄的盆栽试验研究,采取4种灌水处理以及2种肥料处理,得到如下结论:1随着土壤水分的增加、番茄叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度都有相应的增加趋势。2水分最低的处理反而净光合速率的值较高,是由于在这一处理中,叶片的叶绿素含量较高。3土壤含水率较低的前提下(田持的40%～85%),施加有机肥料BGA可以使得番茄叶片的叶绿素含量有较大的增加,平均可增加13%～24%,土壤含水率较高的情况下(田持的85%～100%)叶绿素的含量变化不大。     

Response of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to mulching practices under planted greenhouse condition

Mulch is considered a desirable management technology for conserving soil moisture, improving soil temperature and soil quality. This study aimed to investigate soil conditions and hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) performance in terms of leaf photosynthetic capacity, fruit yield and quality, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under such practices in greenhouse condition. A field experiment across 3 years was carried out with four types of mulch (without mulch [CK], wheat straw mulch [SM], plastic film mulch [FM], and combined mulch with plastic film and wheat straw [CM]). Mulch could improve soil physical properties regardless of mulch materials. FM and CM treatments improved soil moistures status and soil temperature in comparison to CK control, while SM increased soil water content and decreased soil temperature. Mulch increased leaf net photosynthesis rate (P_N), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (E), but declined instant water use efficiency (WUEi). No significant effect of mulch application on chlorophyll fluorescence was existent for the entire growth season. Fruit yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) showed some increment under all the mulch conditions. Compared to CK, the yield was enhanced by 82.3%, 65.0%, and 111.5% in 2008; 38.1%, 17.4%, and 46.5% in 2009; and 14.3%, 6.5%, and 19.6% in 2010 under SM, FM, and CM conditions, respectively. Although FM produced better fruit quality than other treatments, CM is the recommended practice for hot pepper cultivation in greenhouse condition due to working well to facilitate soil condition (moisture and temperature), plant growth, and marketable yield.     

一种叶绿素实时检测的新方法

介绍了一种基于MINIPAM荧光仪调制脉冲式荧光检测技术的LED辐照叶绿素荧光参数的实时检测方法。该方法利用可编程电源为LED列阵提供恒流输出驱动,LED列阵作为激发叶绿素产生荧光的光化光,利用MINIPAM荧光仪对植物光系统II的稳态荧光Fs、光适应下最大荧光Fm’进行检测,并结合环境测控系统的测量,综合分析环境因素对实际量子效率、实际电子传递速率等参数的影响。MINIPAM荧光仪通过与上位机通信,可以进行实时在线监控。     

成熟期库尔勒香梨理化指标变化规律及相关性研究

为了研究库尔勒香梨成熟过程中理化指标的变化规律,探求成熟期库尔勒香梨主要理化指标间的相关性,以成熟期库尔勒香梨为研究对象,研究库尔勒香梨果实硬度、叶绿素含量、SSC(可溶性固形物含量)和维生素C含量的变化规律;采用相关分析和回归分析的方法,应用Spss软件和Excel软件对指标均值以及各指标间相关性进行了分析,并对试验结果进行了实验验证。研究结果表明:在成熟期内,库尔勒香梨果实理化参数变化范围分别为:硬度4.23~7.99 kg/cm2、叶绿素3.17~6.54 mg/100 g、SSC11.54%~15.41%、维生素C 1.9~4.2 mg/1 0 0 g;随着成熟的深入,果实硬度逐渐降低、叶绿素含量逐渐减少、SSC逐渐增加、维生素C含量逐渐增加;各指标均值在0.01水平上显著相关。回归分析过程中选取最优的拟合方式,并建立相应的数学模型,果实硬度和SSC与叶绿素含量和维生素C含量间决定系数均大于0.95,验证试验预测值与测量值误差小于3.2 1%,在库尔勒香梨成熟过程中可应用果实硬度和SSC对叶绿素和维生素C含量进行预测。研究结果能够为库尔勒香梨成熟度评价和分级提供参考。     

水、氮效应与叶绿素关系试验研究

以冬小麦和夏玉米为试验对象，研究了不同水、氮条件对作物植株含氮及叶绿素含量的影响，作物叶片含氮、作物产量与叶绿素含量之间的量化关系，并提出了利用叶绿素仪预测作物氮素胁迫的方法。研究结果表明，田间的不同水、氮制度将影响作物的含氮水平及叶绿素含量，它们之间呈正响应关系。氮素对作物叶绿素含量起着较强的影响作用。作为一种测量叶片叶绿素含量的仪器，叶绿素仪可以作为测量作物含氮的仪器使用，具有快速、准确、简便的特点。     

花生专用肥肥效试验

为提高花生的产量和品质,以白沙1016为供试品种,采用对比试验的方法,探讨专用肥对花生产量及产量构成因素的影响。试验结果表明：施用专用肥的花生产量高于其他处理;与对照相比,不同施肥处理的百果质量、百仁质量、出仁率都有明显增加;倒3叶的光合速率在花针期最大,而倒5叶的光合速率在结荚期最大。     

遮阴对麦冬叶面积和叶绿素含量的影响

研究不同遮阴度对麦冬叶面积和叶绿素含量的影响。以邢台市区绿地的麦冬为研究对象,在全遮阴(25%～45%全光照)、半遮阴(60%～80%全光照)、不遮阴(全光照)3种不同遮阴度下,测定并分析麦冬叶面积的大小、叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量以及叶绿素a/b的值。结果表明,随着遮阴程度的增加,麦冬的叶面积增大,叶绿素a和叶绿素b均增加,且叶绿素b的增加率大于叶绿素a,叶绿素a/b的值变小。这表明麦冬具有强的耐阴性,适合于室内摆设和遮阴处的园林配置。     

Seasonal patterns of photochemical capacity and spring phenology reveal genetic differentiation among native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations in Scotland

Environment-driven genetic differentiation among populations is a common feature among forest trees, and an understanding of how populations have adapted to their home site conditions is essential for management and conservation practices. In Scotland, 84 native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) woodlands are recognised by the Forestry Commission and they occupy highly diverse environments from the maritime west coast to continental sites in eastern Scotland. However, it is not known whether adaptations to local environments along sharp temperature and rainfall gradients have occurred in different populations and as a result, the seed transfer guidelines of the species are based only on data from isozymes and monoterpenes. In this study of an outdoor common-garden trial, we used chlorophyll fluorescence to examine whether seedlings from 32 open-pollinated families and eight populations from sites experiencing contrasting annual temperature regimes differed in their response to variation in natural outdoor temperatures between September 2009 and May 2010. In addition, growth initiation in spring was recorded. Photochemical capacity at photosystem II F_v/F_m showed a distinct seasonal trend and remained at relatively high levels (∼0.7) until November. Following a period of over 2 weeks with temperatures below or close to 0 °C, F_v/F_m started decreasing towards its minimum values recorded in early March when population means varied between 0.35 and 0.45. By early May and along with rising temperatures, photochemical capacity had recovered to the same level as observed in early November. Populations were found to respond differently to the cold period starting in December. The largest drop in photochemical capacity was observed in seedlings from a low-altitude population located in the maritime western Scotland, while in seedlings from higher-altitude locations in the cooler eastern Scotland, the response was smaller. In March, the recovery of photochemical capacity was slowest in seedlings from the mildest and coolest sites. Evidence of adaptive genetic differentiation was also found in spring phenology. Initiation of shoot elongation and needle flush were earlier in families from higher altitudes (cooler areas), but population differences were not significant at the α = 0.05 level. These results suggest that adaptation to the spatially heterogeneous environment in Scotland has taken place in Scots pine and that in order to minimise the risk of planting maladapted seed stock, the patterns of environmental and adaptive genetic variation should be taken into account in the management of genetic resources in this species.     

3种红豆杉光合特性及叶绿素荧光差异比较

为红豆杉资源的合理开发和人工栽培提供理论基础,以4年生的东北红豆杉Taxus cuspidata、南方红豆杉T.chinensis ziar.mairei和曼地亚红豆杉T.media为试验材料,比较了这3种红豆杉叶色素含量、光合及叶绿素荧光特性的差异.结果表明:3种红豆杉中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,...     

不同激素对油茶关键生长过程的调节机制初步研究

对不同生长阶段的长林53品系油茶,采用L27(313)正交试验设计,分别喷施不同浓度的生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)和芸苔素内酯(BRs),研究植物激素对油茶生长的影响。结果表明:①IAA是影响产量和叶片相对叶绿素含量的关键因子,GA是影响叶片钾含量的关键因子,IAA与GA交互作用是影响籽出仁率和仁出油率的关键因子,影响花提前开放的关键因子是GA和CTK互作,IAA、GA和CTK互作是影响干物质积累的关键因子,IAA和BRs是影响叶片磷的关键因子,CTK和BRs互作是影响叶片含氮关键因子;②在5月和10月喷施10 mg/L IAA、10 mg/L GA、10 mg/L CTK和0.001 mg/L BRs,长林53号油茶最早开花;5月和9月喷施10 mg/L IAA、0.1 mg/L GA、0.1 mg/L CTK和0.001mg/L BRs,叶片SPAD值最高;5月和9月喷施0.1 mg/L IAA、0.1 mg/L GA、10 mg/L CTK和0.001 mg/L BRs,有最高的干物质积累;5月和10月喷施1 mg/L IAA、1 mg/L GA、10 mg/L CTK和0.0...